1. Economic Growth & Development

Macroeconomic Outlook

• Nominal GDP Growth Estimate: Projected at 10.5% for FY 2025-26.
• Fiscal Deficit Target: Reduced to 4.4% of GDP (from 5.9% in FY 2024-25).
• Total Budget Expenditure: ₹39.4 lakh crore (10% increase from FY 2024-25).

• Total Receipts (excluding borrowings): ₹30.9 lakh crore.

Agriculture & Rural Economy

• PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana:  
  
  • Focus on 100 agricultural districts, benefiting 1.7 crore farmers.

• National Mission on High-Yielding Seeds:
  
  • Development of pest-resistant, climate-resilient crops.

• Mission for Cotton Productivity:
  
  • 5-year plan for sustainable cotton farming enhancement.

• Pulses Aatmanirbharta Mission (6-year mission):
  
  • Special focus on Tur, Urad, and Masoor dal.
  • Increase in protein content and post-harvest storage.

• Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Expansion:
  
  • 7.7 crore farmers, fishermen, and dairy farmers to receive enhanced loans of ₹5 lakh each.

2. MSME & Manufacturing Sector Boost

Revised MSME Classification:

• 
  
  • Micro Enterprises: Investment limit raised from ₹1 crore → ₹2.5 crore; Turnover limit from ₹5 crore → ₹10 crore.
  • Small Enterprises: Investment limit from ₹10 crore → ₹25 crore; Turnover from ₹50 crore → ₹100 crore.
  • Medium Enterprises: Investment limit from ₹50 crore → ₹125 crore; Turnover from ₹250 crore → ₹500 crore.

• MSME Credit Support:
  
  • ₹5 lakh credit cards for MSMEs on Udyam portal (10 lakh to be issued in FY 2025-26).
  • ₹20 crore credit guarantee cover for exporter MSMEs.

• ₹20,000 crore Private Sector R&D Initiative to drive innovation.

• Sector-Specific Measures:
  
  • ₹4 lakh crore turnover target in the footwear & leather sector (employment for 22 lakh people).
  • National Institute of Food Technology in Bihar to boost food processing.

3. Infrastructure & Urban Development

Urban Challenge Fund: ₹1 lakh crore for:

• 
  
  • Smart city expansion & water/sanitation projects.
  • Creative urban redevelopment.

• Jal Jeevan Mission Extended till 2028:
  
  • Enhanced allocation for 100% drinking water coverage.

• Asset Monetization Plan 2025-30:
  
  • ₹10 lakh crore worth of assets to be monetized and reinvested.

• Power Sector Reforms:
  
  • Additional borrowing of 0.5% of GSDP for states to incentivize transmission improvements.

• ₹25,000 crore Maritime Development Fund:
  
  • Long-term financing for port and shipping sector with up to 49% government contribution.

• SWAMIH Fund-2: ₹15,000 crore to complete 1 lakh pending housing units.

• UDAN Scheme Expansion:
  
  • 120 new destinations targeted; aiming for 4 crore regional passengers in the next 10 years.

4. Education, Skilling & Research

• ₹500 crore AI Research Centre: To advance AI education & skill development.

• Expansion of Medical Education:
  
  • 10,000 new MBBS seats in FY 2025-26.
  • Goal: 75,000 new seats in 5 years.

• 50,000 Atal Tinkering Labs in government schools over 5 years.

• PM Research Fellowship:
  
  • 10,000 fellowships in IITs & IISc.

• Gyan Bharatam Mission:
  
  • Digitization of 1 crore manuscripts for Indian knowledge preservation.

• ₹20,000 crore investment in private-sector R&D.

5. Taxation & Financial Reforms

Personal Income Tax Reforms

6. Social Welfare & Employment

• PM SVANidhi Revamp:
  
  • Enhanced loan limits.
  • UPI-linked credit cards for street vendors.

• Online Platform Workers:
  
  • Healthcare coverage under PM Jan Arogya Yojana.

• Tourism Sector Boost:
  
  • MUDRA loans for homestays.
  • Performance-linked incentives for states in tourism.
  • E-Visa simplification for ease of travel.

7. Fiscal Management & Deficit Reduction

Conclusion

The Union Budget 2025-26 focuses on:

• Investment-led growth (₹10 lakh crore capital infusion).
• Tax relief for the middle class & businesses.
• Infrastructure push (₹1 lakh crore for urban development).
• MSME & rural sector development (₹5 lakh MSME credit cards, ₹1.7 crore farmers benefited).
• Deficit reduction for fiscal stability (targeted at 4.4% of GDP).

This budget sets the foundation for sustained economic growth and a self-reliant, globally competitive India.